Simulating fenestration systems that extend beyond the existing façade

The space shown in Figure 85 is shaded by a non-coplanar shading device (grates) that extends beyond its exterior walls. A proper application of the F-matrix method will require that the flux transfer for the extended part of the overhang be accounted for in the simulation as well. Figure 86 shows the F apertures for the FH and FN approaches. The rationale of enclosing the façade from all sides is valid in this scenario as well. As shown in Figure 86, the extents of the F aperture are expanded to accommodate the overhang. This expansion necessitates the use of two additional surfaces that close the aperture from behind the overhang. The arrangement of surfaces for the FN approach is described in Figure 87.

Aside from the addition of these two surfaces, and therefore the introduction of two more F matrices, the simulation remains similar to the ones described in sections 7.2, 7.3 and 7.4. The model used for this simulation can be found in room3 subdirectory of the tutorialFiles directory.

Figure 85. The images above show the external view of a space from two perspectives that are rotated 180 degrees from each other. The space has an overhang that extends beyond its façade. The extended part of the overhang is highlighted by a dashed red rectangle.

Figure 86. FH or FN matrix apertures for the space shown in Figure 34. The extension of the aperture beyond the walls is on account of the extended overhang. As has been the case for all the previously described examples, the FH approach will involve a single F-matrix and a single hemispherical sampling basis. FN approach will involve nine matrices and that many hemispherical sampling basis.

Figure 87. Arrangement of surfaces for the F aperture in case of the FN approach. In some images the surfaces are either invisible because they are shielded by the room geometry or are obscured due to the property of the glow material. The matrices corresponding to FNh and FNi account for flux transfer from behind the façade.

Adding non-coplanar systems to a Radiance scene

This appendix describes two ways in which complex non-coplanar shading systems can be included in Radiance simulations. The first example describes a workflow using genBSDF. The second example employs the LBNL Window7.4 software for generating overhangs with arbitrary glass configurations.

Creating an overhang with grates using genBSDF

GenBSDF, a Radiance program,can be used to generate Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF) definitions for fenestration systems in cases where their geometry and material properties are defined in either the native Radiance format or in the LBNL Materials and Geometry Format (MGF). A detailed description of the theory and modeling techniques pertaining to genBSDF can be found in the genBSDF tutorial (McNeil 2015){Mcneil, 2015 #8636@@author-year}. The discussion in this appendix is specific to generating a BSDF definition for structures similar to the grates shown in Figure 88.

Figure 88. The image on the right is an obview capture of a room shaded with external grates. The image on the left shows the grates alone.

The model of the shading device specified as input to genBSDF should be representative of its material properties as well as geometry. The file containing the Radiance definition for the grates shown in Figure 88 is overhang/metalGrate.rad. The material properties for the grates, as shown in Figure 89, were assigned to be similar to that of aluminium. For simulations involving real-world models, the material properties should be measured accurately before being assigned to a model. (McNeil and others 2013) and (Molina and others 2015) describe validation studies that can be referred to for more details regarding the proper way to assign material properties. The LBNL WINDOW coordinate system employed by genBSDF requires that the geometry of the model be contained within the negative Z half-space. A portion of the grates shown in Figure 88 has been extracted and transformed to the -Z half-space and stored in the file named overhang/metalGrateSection.rad.

Figure 89. Partial definition of the geometry used for the metal grate that functions as an overhang for the room used for the F-Matrix simulations.

As highlighted in Figure 90, the geometry used for generating the BSDF should be enclosed along its length and breadth to prevent any light leaks. The location of the geometry with respect to the Z axis can be verified with getbbox. Figure 91 shows a screen-capture of the output generated by getbbox.

Figure 90. A section of the grates that will be used for generating the BSDF. As required by genBSDF, the entire geometry lies on or below the negative Z axis. To avoid light leaks while the BSDF is being generated, the edges (highlighted by the yellow ellipses).

Figure 91. The extents of overhang/metalGrateSection.rad as calculated by getbbox. The values for zmin (-0.0381) and zmax (0) confirm that the entire geometry is within the negative Z space.

The BSDF file for the grates can then be generated as:

genBSDF +f +b -n 25 -geom meter -c 5000 overhang/metalGrateSection.rad > overhang/metalGrate.xml

The syntax shown above utilizes the default settings of genBSDF for properties such as ambient bounces, limit weight and reflection limit. A detailed discussion on assigning these and other properties can be found in section 3.2 of the genBSDF tutorial (McNeil 2015).

Visualizing the generated BSDF file

It is recommended that a BSDF data be visualized and checked for any inconsistencies before it is used in a simulation. BSDF data can be visualized in the following ways:

As a Radiance image by using rmtxop. This option is only available for Klems format files like the one generated in the previous section.
By using the BSDF Viewer (LBNL 2013).
By converting the BSDF data to a Radiance definition using bsdf2rad and then previewing that definition using objview. Bsdf2rad needs to be compiled by from the source-code of Radiance before it can be used. Details on compiling and using bsdf2rad are provided in section 3.3.1 of the genBSDF tutorial.

BSDF can be converted into an image file using rmtxop by using the following syntax:

rmtxop -fc bsdfFile.xml | pfilt -x 800 -y 800 > bsdfImage.hdr

The HDR image thus generated is useful in broadly interpreting the specular properties of the BSDF. Figure 92 shows images generated for Specular, Diffuse and Semi-Diffuse types of BSDFs. The patterns in Figure 93, the image generated through rmtxop for overhang/metalGrates.xml, indicate that the BSDF generated for the grates has specular as well diffusing characteristics.

Figure 92. Rmtxop generated images for Specular, Diffuse and Semi-Diffuse type of BSDFs. Images for specular BSDFs are characterized by bright and sharp highlights. Conversely, a scattered blur is indicative of diffusing BSDFs. Images for Semi-diffused BSDFs typically feature highlights as well as blurring. Image Credit: McNeil (2014)

Figure 93. Rmtxop generated image for the BSDF definition for the grate. The image indicates that the grate allows for direct as well as diffused transmission of light.

A more detailed and interactive visualization of BSDFs can be generated by using the BSDF viewer. The screen captures of the BSDF viewer shown in Figure 94 indicate that the grates transmit flux specularly when the flux is directly incident on them and transmit it in a diffused manner when the flux is incident obliquely. This behavior appears to be in agreement with the structure of the grates shown

Figure 94. Screen-captures of the visualizations generated by BSDF viewer for overhang/metalGrate.xml. The image on top shows a representation of visible transmission from the grates for flux incident directly on it (through Patch 1). The image on the bottom shows visible transmission for flux that is incident obliquely (through Patch 116). In both the images, the smaller disc on the left represents the incident hemisphere and the yellow band within it represents the incident Klems patch being evaluated.

in Figure 90. After evaluating a BSDF’s flux transmission and reflection properties, it can be incorporated into a scene by using the Radiance BSDF primitive.

Incorporating BSDF data into a Radiance scene by using the BSDF primitive

The format for defining a BSDF primitive, as shown in Figure 95, is described in the Radiance reference manual (LBNL 2016a).

Figure 95. Format for specifying a BSDF primitive in a Radiance scene.

The following points explain the parameters shown in Figure 95 within the context of the grates used in this appendix:

thick: is a required parameter and stands for the thickness of the proxy geometry accompanying the BSDF primitive definition. In case the primitive is being created with no proxy geometry, its value will zero. In the case of grates defined section A.1, proxy surfaces will be non-zero as physical geometry of the grates is also included in the model. A descriptive example dealing with proxy surfaces is provided in Section 6.1 of the Five-Phase Method tutorial (McNeil 2013b). Details on proxy surfaces can also be found in Greg Ward’s presentation on BSDF materials from the 10^th International Radiance Workshop (Ward 2011).
BSDFfile: a required input, is the file-path of the XML file that contains the distribution properties of the BSDF in Klems or Tensor-Tree format.
ux, uy, uz: are required inputs that define the “hemisphere-up” vector. This vector can be any in any direction that is not parallel to directional normal of the geometry represented by the BSDF in the scene.
funcfile: is the file-path for an optional function-file. If no function-file is being used - as is the case for the simulations in this tutorial - a “.” can be specified instead.
rfdif,gfdif …btdif: are numerical arguments that can be used to specify diffuse reflectances and diffuse transmittance for the BSDF. If not specified these values will be derived from the BSDF file itself.

The first step in manually defining BSDF primitives with proxy geometry is to determine the dimensions and location of the proxy surfaces. As shown in Figure 96, the proxy surfaces should sandwich the geometry of the grates and span its length and breadth. The location of these two surfaces can be calculated by extracting the extents of overhang/metalGrate.rad with getbbox. The output from getbbox is shown in Figure 97.

Figure 96. Polygons that will be used as proxies for the BSDF material generated by genBSDF. The red and green polygon span the length and breadth of the grate and are offset from it in the Z direction by +0.001m and and -0.001m respectively. As indicated in Figure 97, the minimum and maximum Z values for the grate are 2.43205 and 2.47015, so the green and red polygon are located in the Z axis at 2.43105 and 2.47115 respectively. The surface-normal of both polygons face in the +Z direction. The colors shown here are for illustration only and in the actual scene geometry the modifiers for the polygons are BSDF materials.

Figure 97. The getbbox output for the Radiance definition of grates. The thickness of the grate, derived by subtracting zmax from zmin is 0.0381m.

The final definition of the grates is shown in Figure 98. The value for ‘thick’, assigned as 0.03825 for the top surface was calculated as the sum of (0.03810, 0.0001, 0.00005), where 0.03810 is the thickness of the grate, 0.0001 is the offset of the proxy surface from the grate geometry and 0.00005 is a tolerance provided so that the proxy rays do not intersect with the system geometry or the opposite proxy surface below the grate.

The value for the hemisphere-up vector, (ux uy uz) was assigned (0 1 0) as the direction normal of the grates are facing in the Z direction.

It should be noted that the thickness specification for the bottom surface, -0.03825 is negative of the value assigned for the top surface. The final definition of the grates with the BSDF proxy surfaces and the physical geometry is saved in overhang/aluminiumGrate.rad.

Figure 98. A partial screen-capture of the final model of grates that will be used for the simulations. The dashed rectangles highlight different parts of the file. Part 1 and Part 2 are the material and surface definitions for the BSDF surface on top (colored in red in Figure 96). Part 3 and Part 4 are material and surface definitions for the bottom surface. Part 5 contains partial portion of the geometry of the grates. The contents in Part 5 are same as the contents of the file overhang/metalGrate.rad.

Creating an overhang with a complex glass surface using Window 7.4

The LBNL Window7.4 includes a vast database of empirically measured and cataloged data that can be used to generate Radiance-compatible BSDF definitions. The procedure for generating these definitions is detailed in Section 3.2.1 of the Three-Phase Method Tutorial. The example discussed in the current tutorial is meant to demonstrate that relevant BSDF data, if available, can be employed for modeling non-coplanar shading systems. Figure 99 shows the setup for generating a BSDF file using a combination of clear glass and fritted glass. This file has been saved as overhang/DiffuseGlass.xml.

Since the BSDF was generated externally and there is no corresponding physical Radiance definition or MGF geometry for the glass, the BSDF will be included in the simulation directly and not through proxy surfaces. As shown in Figure 100, the procedure for including a BSDF without geometry into a Radiance scene is a fairly straightforward. After defining a modifier with the BSDF primitive that includes the externally generated BSDF file, one only needs to define the polygon(s) that represents this BSDF. The final Radiance definition for the overhang with diffuse glass is saved in overhang/diffuseGlass.rad.

Figure 99. screen capture of the setup used to generate the BSDF file saved in overhang/DiffuseGlass.xml. The data for ‘CLEAR_3.DAT’ in the first row of the table is present in the ‘Glass’ database while that for ‘Simulated Sandblast (V-1086)70%’ is present in the ‘Shade or Frit’ database.

Figure 100. The Radiance definition for the overhang with diffuse glass. This definition does not include a proxy surface.

Commands for the Daylight Coefficient Method

Daylight Coefficient Method simulation

Commands for Daylight Coefficients simulation.

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

Create octree

oconv materials.rad room.rad objects/Glazing.rad > roomDC.oct

Steps for creating daylight coefficients for images

Calculate dimensions of the final image.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -d > matrices/dc/viewDimensions.txt

Generate rays for image-based calculations.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -pj 0.7 -c 9 -ff > matrices/dc/viewRays.txt

Generate daylight coefficients

rfluxmtx -ffc -v -n 8 -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -c 9 -ab 12 -ad 50000 -lw 1e-5 -o matrices/dc/hdr/%03d.hdr - skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomDC.oct < matrices/dc/viewRays.txt

Step for creating daylight coefficients for illuminace calculations.

rfluxmtx -I+ -y 100 -lw 1e-05 -ab 5 -ad 50000 -n 8 - skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomDC.oct < points.txt > matrices/dc/illum.mtx

Create sky-vectors

Point-in-time sky vector

gendaylit 3 20 10:30EDT -m 75 -o 73.96 -a 40.78 -W 706 162 > skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky

genskyvec -m 1 < skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky> skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec

Annual sky-matrix

epw2wea assets/USA_NY_New.York.City-Central.Park.94728_TMY_3.epw assets/NYC.wea

gendaymtx -m 1 assets/NYC.wea > skyVectors/NYC.smx

RESULTS

Images

For a point-in-time calculation using a skyvector

dctimestep matrices/dc/hdr/%03d.hdr skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/dc/dc.hdr

Optional step for generating a falsecolor image from the simulation result.

falsecolor <results/dc/dc.hdr> results/dc/dcF.hdr

For an annual calculation

dctimestep -o results/dc/DC%04d.hdr matrices/dc/hdr/%03d.hdr skyVectors/NYC.smx

Illuminance

For a point-in-time calculation using a skyvector

dctimestep matrices/dc/illum.mtx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/dc/R.mtx

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/dc/R.mtx > results/dc/R.ill

For annual calculation

dctimestep matrices/dc/illum.mtx skyVectors/NYC.smx > results/dc/annualR.mtx

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/dc/annualR.mtx > results/dc/annualR.ill

Simulation with a more discretized sky-vector

Commands for Daylight Coefficients simulation with a more discretized sky.

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

create octree.

oconv materials.rad room.rad objects/Glazing.rad > roomDC.oct

Calculate daylight coefficients for illuminance.

rfluxmtx -I+ -y 100 -lw 1e-05 -ab 5 -ad 50000 -n 8 - skyDomes/skyglowR2.rad -i roomDC.oct < points.txt > matrices/dc/illum2.mtx

These steps are independent of sky discretization.

Calculate dimensions of the final image.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -d > matrices/dc/viewDimensions.txt

Generate rays for image-based calculations.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -pj 0.7 -c 9 -ff > matrices/dc/viewRays.txt

Caclulate daylight coefficients for images

rfluxmtx -ffc -v -n 8 -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -c 9 -ab 12 -ad 50000 -lw 1e-5 -o matrices/dc/hdr/2%03d.hdr - skyDomes/skyglowR2.rad -i roomDC.oct < matrices/dc/viewRays.txt

create a sky-vector with 576 patches using the -m 2 option for genskyvec.

genskyvec -m 2 < skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky> skyVectors/NYC_Per2.vec

Results

Illuminance

dctimestep matrices/dc/illum2.mtx skyVectors/NYC_Per2.vec > results/dc/R2.mtx

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/dc/R2.mtx > results/dc/R2.ill

Images

dctimestep matrices/dc/hdr/2%03d.hdr skyVectors/NYC_Per2.vec > results/dc/per2.hdr

Commands for the Three-Phase Method

Three-Phase Method Simulation

Commands for running a Three-Phase simulation.

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

Create octree

oconv -f materials.rad room.rad > room3ph.oct

V matrix for Illuminance

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i room3ph.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/v.mtx

V matrix for Images.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -pj 0.7 -c 9 -ff > viewRays.txt

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -d > viewDimensions.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i room3ph.oct < viewRays.txt

D matrix

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 1000 -n 8 objects/GlazingVmtx.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i room3ph.oct > matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx

Create sky-vectors

Point-in-time sky vector

gendaylit 3 20 10:30EDT -m 75 -o 73.96 -a 40.78 -W 706 162 > skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky

genskyvec -m 1 < skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky> skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec

Annual sky-matrix

epw2wea assets/USA_NY_New.York.City-Central.Park.94728_TMY_3.epw assets/NYC.wea

gendaymtx -m 1 assets/NYC.wea > skyVectors/NYC.smx

RESULTS

Illuminance

For a point-in-time simulation.

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phIll.tmp > results/3ph/3ph.ill

For an annual simulation

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC.smx > results/3ph/3phIllAnnual.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phIllAnnual.tmp > results/3ph/3phAnnual.ill

Images

For a point-in-time simulation.

dctimestep -h matrices/vmtx/hdr/%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3ph.hdr

For an annual simulation

dctimestep -o results/3ph/3ph%04d.hdr matrices/vmtx/hdr/%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC.smx

Parametric simulations by reusing phases

Commands for running parametric simulations using the Three-Phase Method.

The commands listed in section C.1 should be run prior to running commands in this section.

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

SIMULATION WITH VENETIAN BLINDS AT 0 DEG.

Results for illuminance.

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v.mtx matrices/tmtx/ven0.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phIllVen0.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phIllVen0.tmp > results/3ph/3phVen0.ill

Results for image.

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/ven0.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phVen0.hdr

SIMULATION WITH VENETIAN BLINDS AT 45 DEG.

Results for illuminance.

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v.mtx matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phIllVen45.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phIllVen45.tmp > results/3ph/3phVen45.ill

Results for image.

dctimestep -h matrices/vmtx/hdr/%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phVen45.hdr

Simulating a vertically adjustable shading system

Commands for running a simulation with multiple window groups (variable shading heights).

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

Create an octree

oconv -f materials.rad room.rad > room3ph.oct

V matrices for Illuminance. Four matrices corresponding to four shading groups will be created.

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - varShading/GlazingVmtx1.rad -i room3ph.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/v1.mtx

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - varShading/GlazingVmtx2.rad -i room3ph.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/v2.mtx

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - varShading/GlazingVmtx3.rad -i room3ph.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/v3.mtx

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - varShading/GlazingVmtx4.rad -i room3ph.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/v4.mtx

V matrices for Images. Four sets of matrices corresponding to four shading groups will be created.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -pj 0.7 -c 9 -ff > matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -d > matrices/vmtx/viewDimensions.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/v1%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - varShading/GlazingVmtx1.rad -i room3ph.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/v2%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - varShading/GlazingVmtx2.rad -i room3ph.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/v3%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - varShading/GlazingVmtx3.rad -i room3ph.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/v4%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - varShading/GlazingVmtx4.rad -i room3ph.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

D Matrices corresponding to four shading groups.

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 1000 -n 8 varShading/GlazingVmtx1.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i room3ph.oct > matrices/dmtx/daylight1.dmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 1000 -n 8 varShading/GlazingVmtx2.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i room3ph.oct > matrices/dmtx/daylight2.dmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 1000 -n 8 varShading/GlazingVmtx3.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i room3ph.oct > matrices/dmtx/daylight3.dmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 1000 -n 8 varShading/GlazingVmtx4.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i room3ph.oct > matrices/dmtx/daylight4.dmx

Create sky-vectors

gendaylit 3 20 10:30EDT -m 75 -o 73.96 -a 40.78 -W 706 162 > skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky

genskyvec -m 1 < skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky> skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec

Generating partial results for window groups with a t-matrix with clear glazing.

Commands for point-in-time calculations are listed below. Commands for annual calculations will be similar to the ones shown in 3Ph.sh

Results for illuminance.

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v1.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight1.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv1CIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phv1CIll.tmp > results/3ph/3phv1C.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v2.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight2.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv2CIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phv2CIll.tmp > results/3ph/3phv2C.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v3.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight3.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv3CIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phv3CIll.tmp > results/3ph/3phv3C.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v4.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight4.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv4CIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phv4CIll.tmp > results/3ph/3phv4C.ill

Results for imaging.

dctimestep -h matrices/vmtx/hdr/v1%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv1C.hdr

dctimestep -h matrices/vmtx/hdr/v2%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv2C.hdr

dctimestep -h matrices/vmtx/hdr/v3%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv3C.hdr

dctimestep -h matrices/vmtx/hdr/v4%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv4C.hdr

Generating partial results for window groups with a t-matrix with venetian blinds at 45 degrees.

Results for illuminance.

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v1.mtx matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight1.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv1VIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phv1VIll.tmp > results/3ph/3phv1V.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v2.mtx matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight2.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv2VIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phv2VIll.tmp > results/3ph/3phv2V.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v3.mtx matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight3.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv3VIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phv3VIll.tmp > results/3ph/3phv3V.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v4.mtx matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight4.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv4VIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phv4VIll.tmp > results/3ph/3phv4V.ill

Results for imaging.

dctimestep -h matrices/vmtx/hdr/v1%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv1V.hdr

dctimestep -h matrices/vmtx/hdr/v2%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv2V.hdr

dctimestep -h matrices/vmtx/hdr/v3%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv3V.hdr

dctimestep -h matrices/vmtx/hdr/v4%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phv4V.hdr

FINAL RESULTS

Simulating non-coplanar shading systems

Commands for simulating non-coplanar shading systems with the Three-Phase Method. The shading system is considered as a part of the overall scene.

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

Create octree

oconv -f materials.rad room.rad overhang/aluminiumGrate.rad > room3phNonCop.oct

V matrix for Illuminance

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i room3phNonCop.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/vNonCop.mtx

V matrix for Images.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -pj 0.7 -c 9 -ff > matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -d > matrices/vmtx/viewDimensions.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/NonCop%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i room3phNonCop.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

D matrix

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 1000 -n 8 objects/GlazingVmtx.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i room3phNonCop.oct > matrices/dmtx/daylightNonCop.dmx

Create sky-vectors

Point-in-time sky vector

gendaylit 3 20 10:30EDT -m 75 -o 73.96 -a 40.78 -W 706 162 > skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky

genskyvec -m 1 < skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky> skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec

Commands for point-in-time calculations are listed below. Commands for annual calculations will be similar to the ones shown in 3Ph.sh

Results for illuminance.

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/vNonCop.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylightNonCop.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phIllNonCop.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phIllNonCop.tmp > results/3ph/3phNonCop.ill

Results for image.

dctimestep -h matrices/vmtx/hdr/NonCop%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylightNonCop.dmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/3ph/3phNonCop.hdr

Commands for the Five-Phase Method

Commands for the Five-Phase Simulation.

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

PART1: STANDARD 3 PHASE SIMULATION

oconv -f materials.rad room.rad > room3ph.oct

V matrix for Illuminance

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i room3ph.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/v.mtx

V matrix for Images.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -pj 0.7 -c 9 -ff > viewRays.txt

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -d > viewDimensions.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i room3ph.oct < viewRays.txt

D matrix

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 1000 -n 8 objects/GlazingVmtx.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i room3ph.oct > matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx

Create sky matrix

epw2wea assets/USA_NY_New.York.City-Central.Park.94728_TMY_3.epw assets/NYC.wea

gendaymtx -m 1 assets/NYC.wea > skyVectors/NYC.smx

Results for illuminance.

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC.smx > results/3ph/3phAnIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/3ph/3phAnIll.tmp > results/3ph/3phAn.ill

Results for image.

dctimestep -h -o results/3ph/3phAn%04d.hdr matrices/vmtx/hdr/%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYC.smx

PART2: A 3 PHASE SIMULATION FOR DIRECT SUN ONLY.

oconv -f materialBlack.rad roomBlack.rad > room3phDir.oct

V matrix for Illuminance

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 1 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i room3phDir.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtxd/v.mtx

V matrix for Images.

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtxd/hdr/%03d.hdr -ab 1 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i room3phDir.oct < viewRays.txt

D matrix

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 0 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 1000 -n 8 objects/GlazingVmtx.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i room3phDir.oct > matrices/dmtxd/daylight.dmx

Annual sky-matrix for direct skies only.

gendaymtx -m 1 -d assets/NYC.wea > skyVectors/NYCd.smx

Results for illuminance.

dctimestep matrices/vmtxd/v.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtxd/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYCd.smx > results/5ph/3phDIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/5ph/3phDIll.tmp > results/5ph/3phD.ill

Results for image.

dctimestep -h -o results/5ph/3phD%04d.hdr matrices/vmtxd/hdr/%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtxd/daylight.dmx skyVectors/NYCd.smx

PART3: DAYLIGHT COEFFICIENTS CALCULATIONS WITH DIRECT SUN

Create a material definition for sun.

echo void light solar 0 0 3 1e6 1e6 1e6 > skies/suns.rad

Generate 5185 suns for creating daylight coefficients

cnt 5185 | rcalc -e MF:6 -f reinsrc.cal -e Rbin=recno -o 'solar source sun 0 0 4 ${Dx} ${Dy} ${Dz} 0.533'>> skies/suns6.rad

Create an octree for a model that is all black except for the glazing

oconv materialBlack.rad roomBlack.rad skies/suns.rad skies/suns6.rad matrices/tmtx/GlazingBSDF.rad > modelWithSunsTest.oct

Daylight coefficients for illuminance calculations

rcontrib -I+ -ab 1 -n 8 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -dc 1 -dt 0 -dj 1 -st 1 -ss 0 -faf -e MF:6 -f reinhart.cal -b rbin -bn Nrbins -m solar modelWithSunsTest.oct < points.txt > matrices/cds/directSun.dsmx

Daylight Coefficients for image-based calculations.

rcontrib -i -ffc -fo -n 8 -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -ad 1000 -lw 1e-3 -o matrices/cds/hdr/ds6%04d.hdr -e MF:6 -f reinhart.cal -b rbin -bn Nrbins -m solar modelWithSunsTest.oct < viewRays.txt

Annual sky-matrix for five phase method.

gendaymtx -m 6 -5 0.533 -of assets/NYC.wea > skyVectors/NYCd6.smx

Generate images for daylight coefficients

dctimestep -o results/5ph/%04d.hdr matrices/cds/hdr/ds4%04d.hdr skyVectors/NYCd6.smx

Create a material map for converting illuminance-based images to luminance-based.

rpict -x 400 -y 222 -vf views/south.vf -av 0.31831 0.31831 0.31831 -aa 0 room3ph.oct > results/5ph/materialmap.hdr

Multiply the material map with the images generated for daylight coefficients.

for i in {1..8760}

ts=printf %04d $i

pcomb -e 'lo=li(1)*li(2)' results/5ph/${ts}.hdr results/5ph/materialmap.hdr > results/5ph/5ph${ts}.hdr

done

Generate results for illuminance

dctimestep matrices/cds/directSun.dsmx skyVectors/NYCd6.smx > results/5ph/Cds.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/5ph/Cds.tmp > results/5ph/Cds.ill

PART4: Generate final results by combining results for Part 1, 2 and 3.

Combining results for illuminance

rmtxop results/3ph/3phAn.ill + -s -1 results/5ph/3phD.ill + results/5ph/Cds.ill > results/5ph/5Ph.ill

Combining results for images.

for i in {1..8760}

ts=printf %04d $i

pcomb -e 'lo=li(1)-li(2)+li(3)' -o results/3ph/3phAn${ts}.hdr -o results/5ph/3phD${ts}.hdr -o results/5ph/5ph${ts}.hdr > results/5ph/5phFinal${ts}.hdr

done

Commands for the F-Matrix Method

Single surface and single hemispherical basis: F1 approach

Commands for running an F-Matrix simulation with the F1 approach.

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

Create an octree

oconv -f materials.rad room.rad overhang/aluminiumGrate.rad > roomFmtx.oct

V matrix for Illuminance

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx

V matrix for Images.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -pj 0.7 -c 9 -ff > matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -d > matrices/vmtx/viewDimensions.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

Calculating F Matrices and Daylight Matrices.

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 objects/GlazingVmtx.rad fports/F1.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/fmtx/F1.fmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ad 10000 -ab 4 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 fports/F1.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/dmtx/DF1.dmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/F1.fmx matrices/dmtx/DF1.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DF1.dfmx

Create sky-vectors

Point-in-time sky vector

gendaylit 3 20 10:30EDT -m 75 -o 73.96 -a 40.78 -W 706 162 > skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky

genskyvec -m 1 < skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky> skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec

Annual sky-matrix

epw2wea assets/USA_NY_New.York.City-Central.Park.94728_TMY_3.epw assets/NYC.wea

gendaymtx -m 1 assets/NYC.wea > skyVectors/NYC.smx

RESULTS

Images

For a point-in-time simulation.

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF1.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F1.hdr

For an annual simulation

dctimestep -o results/fmtx/F1%04d.hdr matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF1.dfmx skyVectors/NYC.smx

Illuminance

For a point-in-time simulation

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF1.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F1.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/F1.tmp > results/fmtx/F1.ill

For an annual simulation

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF1.dfmx skyVectors/NYC.smx > results/fmtx/F1AnnualSim.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/F1AnnualSim.tmp > results/fmtx/F1AnnualSim.ill

Multiple surfaces and single hemispherical basis: FH approach

Commands for running an F-Matrix simulation with the FH approach.

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

Create an octree

oconv -f materials.rad room.rad overhang/aluminiumGrate.rad > roomFmtx.oct

V matrix for Illuminance

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx

V matrix for Images.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -pj 0.7 -c 9 -ff > matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -d > matrices/vmtx/viewDimensions.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

Calculating F Matrices and Daylight Matrices.

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 objects/GlazingVmtx.rad fports/FH.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/fmtx/FH.fmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ad 10000 -ab 4 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 fports/FH.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/dmtx/DFH.dmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/FH.fmx matrices/dmtx/DFH.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DFH.dfmx

Create sky-vectors

Point-in-time sky vector

gendaylit 3 20 10:30EDT -m 75 -o 73.96 -a 40.78 -W 706 162 > skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky

genskyvec -m 1 < skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky> skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec

Annual sky-matrix

epw2wea assets/USA_NY_New.York.City-Central.Park.94728_TMY_3.epw assets/NYC.wea

gendaymtx -m 1 assets/NYC.wea > skyVectors/NYC.smx

RESULTS

Images

For a point-in-time simulation.

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFH.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/FH.hdr

For an annual simulation

dctimestep -o results/fmtx/FH%04d.hdr matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFH.dfmx skyVectors/NYC.smx

Illuminance

For a point-in-time simulation

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFH.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/FH.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/FH.tmp > results/fmtx/FH.ill

For an annual simulation

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFH.dfmx skyVectors/NYC.smx > results/fmtx/FHAnnualSim.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/FHAnnualSim.tmp > results/fmtx/FHAnnualSim.ill

Multiple surfaces and multiple hemispherical basis: FN approach

Commands for running an F-Matrix simulation with the FN approach.

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

Create octree.

oconv -f materials.rad room.rad overhang/aluminiumGrate.rad > roomFmtx.oct

V matrix for Illuminance

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx

V matrix for Images.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -pj 0.7 -c 9 -ff > matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -d > matrices/vmtx/viewDimensions.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

Calculating F Matrices and Daylight Matrices.

Create 7 F matrices by using the %s option.

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 -o matrices/fmtx/%s.fmx objects/GlazingVmtx.rad fports/FN.rad -i roomFmtx.oct

Creating 7 F matrices and resultant D matrices from F and D.

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ad 10000 -ab 4 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 fports/FNa.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/dmtx/DFNa.dmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/FNa.fmx matrices/dmtx/DFNa.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DFNa.dfmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ad 10000 -ab 4 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 fports/FNb.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/dmtx/DFNb.dmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/FNb.fmx matrices/dmtx/DFNb.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DFNb.dfmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ad 10000 -ab 4 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 fports/FNc.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/dmtx/DFNc.dmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/FNc.fmx matrices/dmtx/DFNc.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DFNc.dfmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ad 10000 -ab 4 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 fports/FNd.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/dmtx/DFNd.dmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/FNd.fmx matrices/dmtx/DFNe.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DFNe.dfmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ad 10000 -ab 4 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 fports/FNe.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/dmtx/DFNe.dmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/FNe.fmx matrices/dmtx/DFNe.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DFNe.dfmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ad 10000 -ab 4 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 fports/FNf.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/dmtx/DFNf.dmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/FNf.fmx matrices/dmtx/DFNf.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DFNf.dfmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ad 10000 -ab 4 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 fports/FNg.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/dmtx/DFNg.dmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/FNg.fmx matrices/dmtx/DFNg.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DFNg.dfmx

Combining 7 FN matrices into a single matrix.

rmtxop matrices/dmtx/DFNa.dfmx + matrices/dmtx/DFNb.dfmx + matrices/dmtx/DFNc.dfmx + matrices/dmtx/DFNd.dfmx + matrices/dmtx/DFNe.dfmx + matrices/dmtx/DFNf.dfmx + matrices/dmtx/DFNg.dfmx > matrices/dmtx/DFN.dfmx

Create sky-vectors

Point-in-time sky vector

gendaylit 3 20 10:30EDT -m 75 -o 73.96 -a 40.78 -W 706 162 > skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky

genskyvec -m 1 < skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky> skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec

Annual sky-matrix

epw2wea assets/USA_NY_New.York.City-Central.Park.94728_TMY_3.epw assets/NYC.wea

gendaymtx -m 1 assets/NYC.wea > skyVectors/NYC.smx

RESULTS

Images

For a point-in-time simulation.

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFN.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/FN.hdr

For an annual simulation

dctimestep -o results/fmtx/FN%04d.hdr matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFN.dfmx skyVectors/NYC.smx

Illuminance

For a point-in-time simulation

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFN.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/FN.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/FN.tmp > results/fmtx/FN.ill

For an annual simulation

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFN.dfmx skyVectors/NYC.smx > results/fmtx/FNAnnualSim.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/FNAnnualSim.tmp > results/fmtx/FNAnnualSim.ill

Parametric simulation of non-coplanar systems.

Commands for running parametric simulations using the F-Matrix Method.

The commands listed in section E.1 should be run prior to running the commands below.

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

Recreate octree with the glass overhang.

oconv -f materials.rad room.rad overhang/diffuseGlass.rad > roomFmtxDiff.oct

Recalculate F1 F-Matrix with the new octree.

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 objects/GlazingVmtx.rad fports/F1.rad -i roomFmtxDiff.oct > matrices/fmtx/F1Diff.fmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/F1Diff.fmx matrices/dmtx/DF1.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DF1Diff.dfmx

RESULTS

Commands for point-in-time calculations are listed below. Commands for annual calculations will be similar to the ones shown in F1.sh

Images

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF1Diff.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F1Diff.hdr

Illuminance

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF1Diff.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F1Diff.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/F1Diff.tmp > results/fmtx/F1Diff.ill

Simulating spaces with multiple window groups and variable shading heights

Commands for running an F-Matrix simulation with multiple window groups.

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

Create octree

oconv -f materials.rad roomWithGrates.rad > roomFmtx.oct

V matrices for Illuminance

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - varShading/GlazingVmtx1.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/v1F.mtx

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - varShading/GlazingVmtx2.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/v2F.mtx

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - varShading/GlazingVmtx3.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/v3F.mtx

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - varShading/GlazingVmtx4.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/v4F.mtx

V matrices for Images.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -pj 0.7 -c 9 -ff > matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -d > matrices/vmtx/viewDimensions.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/v1F%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - varShading/GlazingVmtx1.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/v2F%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - varShading/GlazingVmtx2.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/v3F%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - varShading/GlazingVmtx3.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/v4F%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - varShading/GlazingVmtx4.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

Creating the Daylight matrix

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ad 10000 -ab 4 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 fports/F1.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/dmtx/DF1.dmx

Creating the F Matrices and resultant Daylight Matrices for each window group.

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 varShading/GlazingVmtx1.rad fports/F1.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/fmtx/F11.fmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/F11.fmx matrices/dmtx/DF1.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DF11.dfmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 varShading/GlazingVmtx2.rad fports/F1.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/fmtx/F12.fmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/F12.fmx matrices/dmtx/DF1.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DF12.dfmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 varShading/GlazingVmtx3.rad fports/F1.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/fmtx/F13.fmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/F13.fmx matrices/dmtx/DF1.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DF13.dfmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 varShading/GlazingVmtx4.rad fports/F1.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/fmtx/F14.fmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/F14.fmx matrices/dmtx/DF1.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DF14.dfmx

Creating the sky vector

gendaylit 3 20 10:30EDT -m 75 -o 73.96 -a 40.78 -W 706 162 > skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky

genskyvec -m 1 < skies/NYC_Per_DH.sky> skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec

Generating results with clear glazing.

Commands for point-in-time calculations are listed below. Commands for annual calculations will be similar to the ones shown in F1.sh

Illuminance

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v1F.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF11.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F11C.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/F11C.tmp > results/fmtx/F11C.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v2F.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF12.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F12C.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/F12C.tmp > results/fmtx/F12C.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v3F.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF13.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F13C.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/F13C.tmp > results/fmtx/F13C.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v4F.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF14.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F14C.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/F14C.tmp > results/fmtx/F14C.ill

Images

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/v1F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF11.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F11C.hdr

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/v2F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF12.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F12C.hdr

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/v3F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF13.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F13C.hdr

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/v4F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DF14.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F14C.hdr

Generating results with venetian blinds at 45 degrees

Illuminance

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v1F.mtx matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/DF11.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F11V.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/F11V.tmp > results/fmtx/F11V.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v2F.mtx matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/DF12.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F12V.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/F12V.tmp > results/fmtx/F12V.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v3F.mtx matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/DF13.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F13V.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/F13V.tmp > results/fmtx/F13V.ill

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/v4F.mtx matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/DF14.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F14V.tmp

rmtxop -fa -t -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/F14V.tmp > results/fmtx/F14V.ill

Images

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/v1F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/DF11.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F11V.hdr

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/v2F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/DF12.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F12V.hdr

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/v3F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/DF13.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F13V.hdr

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/hdr/v4F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/ven45.xml matrices/dmtx/DF14.dfmx skyVectors/NYC_Per.vec > results/fmtx/F14V.hdr

Combining images with pcomb and illuminance values with rmtxop to generate results for different shading options.

Simulation with accurate treatment of direct-sun contribution (Six Phase Method)

FHDir.sh: Commands for running an F-Matrix simulation with proper treatment of the direct sun component (Six Phase Method).

Lines beginning with # are comments.

Set the current working directory to "room" before running the commands below.

Commands are separated by empty line-breaks.

PART1: STANDARD F-MATRIX SIMULATION.

Create octree.

oconv -f materials.rad room.rad overhang/aluminiumGrate.rad > roomFmtx.oct

V matrix for Illuminance

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 4 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx

V matrix for Images.

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -pj 0.7 -c 9 -ff > matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

vwrays -vf views/south.vf -x 400 -y 400 -d > matrices/vmtx/viewDimensions.txt

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr -ab 4 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i roomFmtx.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

Calculating F Matrices and Daylight Matrices.

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 4 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 objects/GlazingVmtx.rad fports/FH.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/fmtx/FH.fmx

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ad 10000 -ab 4 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 fports/FH.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtx.oct > matrices/dmtx/DFH.dmx

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/FH.fmx matrices/dmtx/DFH.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DFH.dfmx

Create an annual sky-matrix

epw2wea assets/USA_NY_New.York.City-Central.Park.94728_TMY_3.epw assets/NYC.wea

gendaymtx -m 1 assets/NYC.wea > skyVectors/NYC.smx

RESULTS

dctimestep -o results/fmtx/FHAN%04d.hdr matrices/vmtx/hdr/F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFH.dfmx skyVectors/NYC.smx

Illuminance

dctimestep matrices/vmtx/vF.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFH.dfmx skyVectors/NYC.smx > results/fmtx/FHAN.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/FHAN.tmp > results/fmtx/FHAN.ill

PART2: F-MATRIX SIMULATION FOR DIRECT SUN ONLY.

Create an octree with all the geometry except Glazing and Grates blacked out.

oconv -f materialBlack.rad roomBlack.rad overhang/aluminiumGrate.rad > roomFmtxHDir.oct

V matrix for Illuminance

rfluxmtx -v -I+ -ab 1 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -n 8 -y 100 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i roomFmtxHDir.oct < points.txt > matrices/vmtxd/vF.mtx

V matrix for Images.

rfluxmtx -v -ffc -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -o matrices/vmtxd/hdr/F%03d.hdr -ab 1 -ad 1000 -lw 1e-4 -c 9 -n 8 - objects/GlazingVmtx.rad -i roomFmtxHDir.oct < viewRays.txt

F Matrix

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 1 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 5000 -n 8 objects/GlazingVmtx.rad fports/FH.rad -i roomFmtxHDir.oct > matrices/fmtx/FHD.fmx

D matrix

rfluxmtx -v -ff -ab 0 -ad 10000 -lw 1e-5 -c 1000 -n 8 objects/GlazingVmtx.rad skyDomes/skyglow.rad -i roomFmtxHDir.oct > matrices/dmtxd/daylightF.dmx

Combine F and D Matrix

dctimestep -of matrices/fmtx/FHD.fmx matrices/dmtxd/daylightF.dmx > matrices/dmtx/DFHD.dfmx

Annual sky-matrix for direct skies only.

gendaymtx -m 1 -d assets/NYC.wea > skyVectors/NYCd.smx

Results for illuminance

dctimestep matrices/vmtxd/vF.mtx matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFHD.dfmx skyVectors/NYCd.smx > results/fmtx/FHDIll.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/FHDIll.tmp > results/fmtx/FHD.ill

Results for images

dctimestep -h -o results/fmtx/FHD%04d.hdr matrices/vmtxd/hdr/F%03d.hdr matrices/tmtx/clear.xml matrices/dmtx/DFHD.dfmx skyVectors/NYCd.smx

PART3: Daylight Coefficients calculation with direct sun.

Create a material definition for sun.

echo void light solar 0 0 3 1e6 1e6 1e6 > skies/suns.rad

Generate 5185 suns for creating daylight coefficients

cnt 5185 | rcalc -e MF:6 -f reinsrc.cal -e Rbin=recno -o 'solar source sun 0 0 4 ${Dx} ${Dy} ${Dz} 0.533'>> skies/suns6.rad

Create an octree for a model that is all black except for the glazing and overhang.

oconv materialBlack.rad roomBlack.rad skies/suns.rad skies/suns6.rad matrices/tmtx/GlazingBSDF.rad overhang/aluminiumGrate.rad > modelWithSunsTestFH.oct

Daylight coefficients for illuminance calculations

rcontrib -I+ -ab 1 -n 8 -ad 50000 -lw 2e-5 -dc 1 -dt 0 -dj 1 -st 1 -ss 0 -faf -e MF:6 -f reinhart.cal -b rbin -bn Nrbins -m solar modelWithSunsTestFH.oct < points.txt > matrices/cds/directSunFH.dsmx

Daylight Coefficients for image-based calculations.

rcontrib -i -ffc -fo -n 8 -x 400 -y 222 -ld- -ad 1000 -lw 1e-3 -o matrices/cds/hdr/FHds6%04d.hdr -e MF:6 -f reinhart.cal -b rbin -bn Nrbins -m solar modelWithSunsTestFH.oct < matrices/vmtx/viewRays.txt

Annual sky-matrix for five phase method.

gendaymtx -m 6 -5 0.533 -of assets/NYC.wea > skyVectors/NYCd6.smx

Generate images for daylight coefficients

dctimestep -o results/fmtx/FHCdstemp%04d.hdr matrices/cds/hdr/FHds4%04d.hdr skyVectors/NYCd6.smx

Create a material map for converting illuminance-based images to luminance-based.

rpict -x 400 -y 222 -vf views/south.vf -av 0.31831 0.31831 0.31831 -aa 0 roomFmtx.oct > results/fmtx/materialmapFH.hdr

Multiply the material map with the images generated for daylight coefficients.

for i in {1..8760}

ts=printf %04d $i

pcomb -e 'lo=li(1)*li(2)' results/fmtx/FHCdstemp${ts}.hdr results/fmtx/materialmapFH.hdr > results/fmtx/FHCds${ts}.hdr

done

Generate results for illuminance

dctimestep matrices/cds/directSunFH.dsmx skyVectors/NYCd6.smx > results/fmtx/CdsFH.tmp

rmtxop -fa -c 47.4 119.9 11.6 results/fmtx/CdsFH.tmp > results/fmtx/CdsFH.ill

PART4: Generate final results by combining results for Part 1, 2 and 3.

Combining results for illuminance

rmtxop results/fmtx/FHAN.ill + -s -1 results/fmtx/FHD.ill + results/fmtx/CdsFH.ill > results/fmtx/FmtxDirect.ill

Combining results for images.

for i in {1..8760}

ts=printf %04d $i

pcomb -e 'lo=li(1)-li(2)+li(3)' -o results/fmtx/FHAN${ts}.hdr -o results/fmtx/FHD${ts}.hdr -o results/fmtx/FHCds${ts}.hdr > results/fmtx/FmtxDirect${ts}.hdr

done

Running simulations on Windows®

The official website for Radiance describes it as a “ray-tracing software system for UNIX computers” (LBNL 2017b). The available documentation on Radiance, official or otherwise, advocates the use of UNIX-based systems (Chadwell 1997; Jacobs 2012; Ward and others 1998). The commands for the simulations described in Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 were tested on Linux and FreeBSD operating systems and should also work on other Unix-like systems such as Mac OS X. In case these simulations are being run on a Windows® operating system, a few modifications are required to be made to the commands. Additionally, there are also some OS-based caveats to be considered. Section F.1 provides a list of modifications and Section F.2 lists some drawbacks of running Radiance simulations on Windows®.

Modifying commands to run on Windows®-based operating systems.¹¹

Replace genskyvec and genBSDF to genskyvec.pl and genBSDF.pl: Both genskyvec and genBSDF have been written in the Perl programming language. At the time of writing this document, these programs are distributed directly as Perl scripts for Windows®-based installations of Radiance. So, commands containing these programs should be changed accordingly. For example,

On Unix: genskyvec -m 1 < skies/NYC_CIE.sky> skyVectors/NYC_CIE.vec

On Windows: genskyvec.pl -m 1 < skies/NYC_CIE.sky> skyVectors/NYC_CIE.vec

Replace single quotation marks in rcalc with double quotation marks:

On Unix:

cnt 5185 | rcalc -e MF:6 -f reinsrc.cal -e Rbin=recno -o 'solar source sun 0 0 4 ${Dx} ${Dy} ${Dz} 0.533'> skies/suns6.rad

On Windows:

cnt 5185 | rcalc -e MF:6 -f reinsrc.cal -e Rbin=recno -o “solar source sun 0 0 4 ${Dx} ${Dy} ${Dz} 0.533”> skies/suns6.rad

Replace UNIX-based for-loop with the Windows® equivalent: A for-loop is used for certain parts of the Five-Phase Method and Six-Phase Method in Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 respectively. The syntax for this for-loop is, as described in those chapters, is relevant to Unix-like systems only. A similar Windows-based syntax is described in ssd64.com (2017).

Known issues on Windows®-based systems.

Multi-core processing is not supported: The key Radiance programs that are employed for ray-tracing calculations in this tutorial can be run on multiple-cores on Unix-like systems. This functionality is not available on Windows®.
Skies with higher patches are not supported: Unlike Unix-like systems, where the maximum number of simultaneously open files can be set by the user, Windows ® usually limits the number of simultaneously open files. It is unlikely that skies with more than 512 patches can be created on Windows® machines.

¹¹. These instructions relate to the version of Radiance that is distributed by the National Engineering Research Laboratory (NREL). It can be downloaded from ↩